In CEW operation, which factor mainly determines whether injury can occur?

• A. Voltage level
• B. Resistance
• C. Current level
• D. Frequency

Answer: (C)

Current level flowing through the body determines injury risk during a CEW discharge. The physiological effects—muscle disruption, respiratory impact, and potential tissue damage—are driven by how much current actually passes through the body, not just the voltage the device can generate. A CEW may emit high voltage to push current through skin impedance, but the body’s resistance (skin condition, moisture, contact quality) limits the real current that enters. If enough current flows, it can produce incapacitation or injury; if the current is smaller, effects may be brief and less damaging. The repetition of pulses (frequency) affects how long the incapacitation lasts, but the immediate potential for injury hinges on the current level.